对患者通常报告为痴呆症使用的补充剂的审查
Alexander Frolov1, Audrey Wadood1, Brendan J Kelley1
1Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Journal of clinical medicine
|January 8, 2025
概括
许多老年人使用食补充剂用于认知健康,但缺乏支持它们对记忆丧失或痴呆症有效性的科学证据. 大多数补充剂似乎是安全的,但监管监督是一个问题.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 饮食补充剂被老年人广泛用于各种健康问题.
- 认知健康,包括记忆丧失和痴呆症预防,是这种人口中补充剂使用的常见原因.
- 这些补充剂的有效性和安全性需要进行彻底的科学评估.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于常用的饮食补充剂对老年人认知健康的有效性和安全性的科学证据.
- 将科学数据与广告中的说法进行比较,并为受欢迎的认知补充剂提供媒体.
- 告知临床医生关于讨论补充剂使用与经历认知衰退的患者的证据基础.
主要方法:
- 对常见的认知补充剂的疗效和安全数据进行叙述性审查.
- 在一个记忆诊所调查患者,以确定经常使用的补充剂.
- 发表的科学证据与九种主要补充剂的非科学主张的比较.
主要成果:
- 几乎没有科学证据支持使用经过审查的补充剂来改善记忆力丧失或认知症状.
- 大多数补充剂在现有研究中显示出明显的安全性.
- 人们对食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 缺乏监督,潜在的污染物和非声明成分在非处方补充剂中存在担忧.
结论:
- 目前的证据不支持使用流行的食补充剂来改善认知衰退或痴呆症症状.
- 虽然通常看起来很安全,但补充剂行业不受监管的性质带来了潜在的风险.
- 临床医生需要准备好与患者讨论饮食补充剂对认知健康的有限证据和潜在风险.
相关概念视频
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
95
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
95
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
161
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
161
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
444
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
444
Dementia
94
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
94
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
215
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
215
Parkinson's Disease: Overview
472
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
472


