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脊髓灰质炎流行病学:消除脊髓灰质炎的策略和挑战 在COVID-19大流行后
Lucia F Bricks1, Denis Macina2, Juan C Vargas-Zambrano2
1Sanofi Vaccines Medical, Av Nações Unidas, São Paulo 14401, Brazil.
Vaccines
|January 8, 2025
概括
全球消除脊髓灰质炎的努力已经大大减少了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例,但仍然存在挑战. 由于COVID-19的流行,野生病毒和疫苗衍生的病毒的脊髓灰质炎疫情风险增加了.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
背景情况:
- 自1988年以来,全球脊髓灰质炎根除倡议 (GPEI) 已实现野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (WPV) 病例减少>99.9%.
- 两种类型的WPV已经被根除,但WPV类型1在阿富汗和巴基斯坦仍然存在.
- 全球范围内出现了循环疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (cVDPV) 疫情,与低疫苗覆盖率 (VCRs) 有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查COVID-19大流行后的脊髓灰质炎的流行病学景观.
- 概述当前在实现全球脊髓灰质炎根除方面的战略和挑战.
主要方法:
- 对脊髓灰质炎的流行病学数据的审查.
- 分析GPEI的进展和挑战.
- 评估COVID-19大流行对免疫和脊髓灰质炎风险的影响.
主要成果:
- 野生1型脊髓灰质炎病毒仍然在特定地区流行.
- 由于COVID-19的流行,常规免疫接种减少,使得人们对WPV1和cVDPVs的脆弱性增加.
- 现在有数百万儿童没有接种疫苗,这增加了疫情爆发的可能性.
结论:
- 实现全球脊髓灰质炎根除需要解决持续的WPV1流行和cVDPV疫情.
- 恢复常规免疫接种和实施有针对性的策略在流行病后至关重要.
- 克服挑战对于防止脊髓灰质炎复发和彻底消灭脊髓灰质炎至关重要.
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