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自闭症的药物治疗:关于常见的同时出现的精神症状的指导方针提案
Mariah A Manter1,2, Kirstin B Birtwell1,3, James Bath1
1Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
BMC medicine
|January 8, 2025
概括
初级保健提供者现在可以访问管理自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中常见条件的指导方针. 这些建议与标准护理不同,提供量身定制的药物治疗策略,以获得更好的患者结果.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的患病率正在增加,受影响的个体经历了更高的同时出现的条件.
- 现有的自闭症特种诊所被压倒了,需要在一般诊所设置中提供自闭症专业护理.
- 初级保健提供者 (PCP) 需要指导来管理ASD患者的精神和行为状况.
研究的目的:
- 为PCP提供指导方针,用于识别和管理ASD中常见的精神病和行为并发症.
- 概述安全有效的药理治疗策略,以适应ASD患者的独特需求.
- 为解决ASD患者可获得的,专业的护理差距.
主要方法:
- 来自Lurie自闭症中心的专家共识医疗提供者对睡眠障碍,多动症,焦虑症,抑郁症和ASD烦躁症的识别和药物治疗.
- 药理指南的反复改进,以确保专家之间达成共识.
- 关键文献和临床试验数据的审查,以补充临床经验,并告知治疗与标准护理 (SOC) 之间的差异.
主要成果:
- 由于患者特定的因素,自闭症患者的药理治疗可能与非自闭症标准护理 (SOC) 有显著差异.
- 对于ADHD,焦虑症和ASD中的抑郁症,在某些情况下,比起传统的SSRI或兴奋剂,建议使用特定的药物,如α2-上腺体激动剂,巴斯皮龙,米尔塔扎平,杜洛西丁,布洛皮昂和伏尔提奥塞丁.
- 在ASD中,易怒症的管理需要全面评估,根据严重程度考虑使用诸如关法辛 (guanfacine),利 (risperidone) 或阿里皮普拉 (aripiprazole) 等药物.
结论:
- 在ASD中有效识别和治疗精神和行为并发症需要考虑独特的临床表现和药物反应.
- 基于证据的指导方针支持PCP为ASD患者做出明智的处方决定.
- 这些指导方针旨在改善ASD患者获得及时和适当护理的机会.
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