使用机器学习预测精神疾病患者的心血管疾病
Martin Bernstorff1,2,3, Lasse Hansen1,2,3, Kevin Kris Warnakula Olesen4
1Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.
概括
机器学习使用电子健康记录准确地预测精神疾病患者的心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险. 这种工具可以帮助在高风险人群中早期预防心血管疾病.
科学领域:
- 计算流行病学计算流行病学
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 患有精神疾病的个人患心血管疾病 (CVD) 的患病率是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的两倍.
- 准确的心血管疾病风险预测对于在这个人群中实施有效的预防战略至关重要.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 中的常规临床数据为风险预测提供了宝贵的资源.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证用于预测事件CVD的机器学习 (ML) 模型.
- 利用EHR的常规临床数据来预测精神疾病患者的风险.
- 评估模型在识别早期干预高风险个体方面的表现.
主要方法:
- 一项队列研究包括74,880名患者,有160万名精神病学服务联系人 (2013-2021年).
- 两种ML模型 (XGBoost,调整后勤回归) 在EHR数据中的234个预测因素上进行了训练.
- 外部验证是在单独的患者队列上进行的.
主要成果:
- 性能最好的XGBoost模型在接收器操作特征曲线下的面积达到0.84 (训练) 和0.74 (验证).
- 该模型在心血管疾病事件发生前大约2.5年确定了高风险个体.
- 对于前5%的预测风险,正预测值为5%,负预测值为99%.
结论:
- 一个ML模型可以有效地利用EHR数据预测精神疾病患者的心血管疾病风险.
- 这种预测能力可以支持初级心血管疾病预防工作.
- 将其整合到决策支持系统中可以增强这一弱势群体的临床实践.
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