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历史红线和社区报告的住房质量:空间分析
Salvatore Milletich1, Andres Manrique2, Sonia Karsan3
1Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
概括
历史上的红线划定,一种歧视性的美国住房政策,与当代住房质量下降有关. 红线街区面临的住房法规违法率明显更高,包括危险的违法行为.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 历史性的红线划定,这是从20世纪30年代开始的歧视性美国住房做法,已知对环境的影响.
- 关于历史红线与当前住房质量之间的联系的研究有限.
- 了解这种关系对于解决城市环境中结构性种族主义遗产至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查历史红线和亚特兰大,乔治亚州当代住房质量之间的关联.
- 量化历史红线区违反住房法规投诉的风险.
主要方法:
- 分析了48626起住房法规违规投诉 (2015-2019) 的空间模式,使用点模式和空间集群分析.
- 采用贝叶斯层次模型来评估历史红线和住房投诉之间的关系.
- 根据邻里特点进行调整,包括贫困,结构中位数年龄,房地产空置/租状态和种族隔离.
主要成果:
- 历史上红线区显示,与"最好"或"仍然可取"地区相比,住房法规投诉的风险增加了167%.
- "危险"住房投诉的显著增加被观察到在红线区 (1.94倍更高的风险).
- 空间分析证实,在历史上被红线划分的地区,违反住房法规的比例不成比例地高.
结论:
- 历史性红线是当代住房质量差的一个重要预测因素,住房法规违规率较高证明了这一点.
- 这些发现凸显了结构性种族主义造成的持续的环境不公正.
- 对住房投诉的空间分析可以为有针对性的干预提供信息,以减轻红线的长期影响.
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