一个独特的下丘脑-大脑圈电路控制风险偏好
Dominik Groos1,2, Anna Maria Reuss3,4, Peter Rupprecht5,3
1Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. groos@hifo.uzh.ch.
Nature neuroscience
|January 8, 2025
概括
确定了控制风险偏好的大脑电路. 研究人员发现,侧面大脑中 (LHb) 的特定神经元编码个人风险偏好,揭示了决定性决定的独特的下丘脑输入.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 决策研究 决策研究
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 风险评估对于在不确定的环境中生存至关重要.
- 个人动物在选择安全和危险的选择之间时表现出一致的风险偏好.
- 大脑如何编码风险偏好的神经基础在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究大脑中潜在的风险偏好的神经机制.
- 识别与持续的冒险行为相关的特定大脑区域和神经元活动.
- 阐明下垂体输入到侧面大脑的功能作用在经济决策中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠中使用平衡的两种替代选择任务来评估风险偏好.
- 采用纵向两光子成像来监测侧面大脑角 (LHb) 中的神经元活动.
- 进行了全脑解剖追踪,多纤维光度测量和投影特异性光遗传学来绘制和操纵神经回路.
主要成果:
- 在LHb中确定了风险偏好选择性神经元活动,该活动可以在行动选择之前预测个人风险偏好.
- 发现从中介性下丘脑 (MH) 到LHb的谷氨基质投射,但不是横向性下丘脑 (LH),提供与行为相关的突触输入.
- 证明MH→LHb投射引起了刺激和抑制的突触后反应,而LH→LHb投射仅仅是刺激的.
结论:
- 侧面大脑囊中含有编码个体风险偏好的神经元.
- 功能上不同的下丘脑-大脑管回路,特别是MH→LHb投射,在决策过程中调解风险偏好方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这项研究揭示了参与习惯性经济决策和风险评估的新型神经通路.
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