复杂的重组导致ER+和HER2的乳腺瘤
Kathleen E Houlahan1, Lise Mangiante1, Cristina Sotomayor-Vivas1
1Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|January 8, 2025
概括
乳腺癌的亚型具有不同的基因组特征和进化历史. 了解这些基因组原型揭示了针对性治疗的新弱点.
科学领域:
- 基因组不稳定性和乳腺癌的演变
- 瘤发生和亚型分类
- 癌症基因组学和转录组学
背景情况:
- 基于雌激素受体 (ER),孕激素受体和HER2的标准乳腺癌预后不足.
- 之前确定的整合性亚型显示出不同的临床结果,包括具有晚期复发风险的ER阳性亚型.
- 这些亚型的进化轨迹和潜在机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查乳腺癌亚型是否反映出不同的进化史,免疫相互作用和途径依赖性.
- 确定乳腺癌异质性的基因组原型.
- 确定这些基因组特征的瘤发生的早期事件.
主要方法:
- 用全基因组和转录组测序对1828种乳腺瘤 (侵袭前,初级侵袭性,转移性) 的基因组分析.
- 分析不同瘤阶段和亚型的基因组原型.
- 在2659个初级乳腺瘤的独立队列中进行复制分析.
主要成果:
- 乳腺瘤表现出三种主要的基因组原型.
- 具有ER阳性 (ER+) 的高风险瘤表现出复杂的焦点放大,包括与ER相关的染色体外DNA放大,R循环形成和APOBEC3B编辑.
- 三重阴性瘤显示全基因组不稳定性和并联重复,而ER阳性典型风险瘤则基因稳定.
- 这些原型在早期建立,影响瘤微环境,并在转移性疾病中保存.
结论:
- 基因组原型在乳腺瘤形成的早期建立,并在整个瘤进化过程中持续存在.
- 复杂的结构变化有助于复制压力和免疫逃避,突出显示潜在的治疗脆弱性.
- 了解这些基因组原型为分类乳腺癌异质性和开发向治疗提供了框架.
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