为了实现生物多样性和传染病的"人与自然"范式
Rory Gibb1, David W Redding2, Sagan Friant3,4
1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment,, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
概括
生物多样性丧失越来越多地导致动物传播疾病,影响人类健康. 一个小小的东西.
科学领域:
- 疾病生态学 疾病生态学
- 一个健康 一个健康
- 社会生态系统社会生态系统
背景情况:
- 动物传染病和媒介性疾病是生物多样性变化的直接后果.
- COVID-19 疫情凸显了生态退化和疾病出现之间的联系.
- 目前对野生动物疾病在不断变化的生态系统中的理解缺乏对人类健康净后果的关注.
研究的目的:
- 倡导一种"人与自然"的范式,以研究野生动物传播的疾病作为复杂的社会生态系统.
- 通过考虑人类参与动物传播疾病系统来确定减少人类疾病负担的干预措施.
- 探索新兴的研究领域,为疾病生态学和人类健康提供更广泛的系统视角.
主要方法:
- 关于人类参与动物传播疾病系统的科学叙述的审查.
- 讨论三个新兴研究领域:人为生态系统和疾病利基,疾病-生物多样性-社会脆弱性反和病原体溢出.
- 分析改善生物多样性变化的人类疾病结果预测能力的机会.
主要成果:
- 现有的叙述往往将人类作为动物传染病系统中的生态破坏者.
- 人类生态系统为传染病创造了新的.
- 疾病,生物多样性和社会脆弱性之间存在反,以及病原体溢出.
结论:
- 一种社会生态系统方法 ("人与自然"范式) 对于理解和减轻动物传播疾病风险至关重要.
- 将疾病的生态驱动因素纳入卫生干预措施,对于有效的公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究,以更好地预测与生物多样性变化相关的人类疾病结果.
相关概念视频
01:19What is Biodiversity?
27.1K
Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
27.1K
01:20Infection
7.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
7.6K
01:18Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
1.5K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
1.5K
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
13.0K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
13.0K
01:09Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
58.0K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.0K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.2K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.2K