大型海洋保护区网络的保护效益跨越多个生态系统
Joshua G Smith1,2, Cori Lopazanski3, Christopher M Free3,4
1National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
概括
海洋保护区 (MPA) 增加了鱼类生物量,特别是针对性物种,但在丰富性和多样性方面表现出有限的收益. 保护区成功的关键因素包括年龄,以前的捕捞压力和息地多样性.
科学领域:
- 海洋保护科学 海洋保护科学
- 生态系统管理 生态系统管理
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
背景情况:
- 海洋保护区 (MPA) 对海洋保护和资源管理至关重要.
- 以前的MPA评估往往忽视了多生态系统和网络层面的性能.
- 评估各种生态系统和生物区域的MPA有效性对于优化保护战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估加利福尼亚州4个生态系统和4个生物区域内的59个海洋保护区的保护绩效.
- 确定影响保护结果的关键MPA属性,包括鱼类生物质,丰富性和多样性.
- 了解MPA在个人和网络层面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 用一个元分析框架来评估MPA的性能.
- 鱼类生物量,丰富性和多样性在MPA范围内进行了评估,并与开放渔业区域进行了比较.
- 该研究分析了MPA年龄,实施前的渔业压力和息地的多样性对保护结果的影响.
主要成果:
- 没有捕获的MPA显著增加了捕捞目标物种的生物量,但不是非目标物种.
- 与生物质相比,物种丰富性和多样性在MPA内增强的明显程度较低.
- 确定了MPA年龄,历史渔业压力和息地多样性是保护成功的关键因素.
结论:
- 在网络中的不同地区和生态系统中,MPA有效性的驱动因素是一致的.
- 根据生态指标 (生物质与丰富/多样性) 和渔业目标地位,保护绩效有所不同.
- 未来的海洋保护区网络设计和评估应整合多个规模的绩效评估,以实现全球海洋保护目标.
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