通过托尔类受体适配器TRIF和TRAM进行TIR域介导的先天性免疫信号的结构基础
Mohammad K Manik1,2, Mengqi Pan3,4,5, Le Xiao1,2
1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
研究人员发现了收费类受体 (TLR) 信号适配器TRIF和TRAM的结构基础. 他们的发现揭示了用于天生的免疫信号的统一螺旋丝机制,提供了潜在的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 天生的免疫利用托尔类受体 (TLRs) 通过与病原体相关的分子模式来检测病原体.
- 收费/互白素-1受体 (TIR) 包含域的适配器TRIF和TRAM对于MyD88独立的TLR信号通路至关重要.
- 管理TRIF和TRAM TIR领域信号的精确结构机制在很大程度上仍未得到阐明.
研究的目的:
- 确定TRIF和TRAM TIR领域的高分辨率结构.
- 阐明它们的导线形成和信号机制的结构基础.
- 确定调节先天免疫反应的潜在治疗点.
主要方法:
- 使用冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 解析了TRIF和TRAM TIR域丝的结构.
- 使用X射线晶体学来确定突变TRAM TIR域的结构.
- 进行了功能性测试,以评估特异性相互作用在TLR4信号传递中的重要性.
主要成果:
- 低温电磁探测揭示了TRIF和TRAM TIR领域的双链平行螺旋丝结构.
- 功能性研究突出显示了TLR4信号传输中的内链 (BB-loop) 和内链相互作用的重要性.
- 一个TRAM TIR域突变的晶体结构 (C117H) 显示了形状变化,表明不活性.
结论:
- 这项研究提出了一个统一的信号机制TIR域在四个关键的TLR适配器 (MyD88,MAL,TRIF,TRAM).
- 对TRIF和TRAM线索形成的结构洞察力为理解先天性免疫信号提供了基础.
- 这些发现确定了开发免疫相关疾病治疗方法的潜在目标.
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