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相关概念视频

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.3K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

85
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
85
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

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The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

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对探索性选择的多方面的信心.

Oleg Solopchuk1,2, Peter Dayan1,2

  • 1Department of Computational Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.

PloS one
|January 9, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在探索-开发任务中,研究人员发现,在探索性选择后,对即时奖励与总奖励的信心没有不同. 这表明,在决策过程中,选择和信任判断的机制是分开的.

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

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Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学

背景情况:

  • 决策往往涉及到立即满足和长期利益之间的权衡,称为勘探-开发.
  • 对选择的信心通常很高,但它的准确性取决于正在追求的具体目标.
  • 探索性选择,优先考虑学习而不是即时奖励,可能会对短期和长期结果的信心判断产生不同的影响.

研究的目的:

  • 调查探索性选择后的信心判断是否在即时奖励与总奖励之间有所不同.
  • 测试假设,个人对探索性选择的长期好处比对其直接后果更有信心.

主要方法:

  • 进行了两项实验,250名参与者执行了不同地平线的双臂强盗任务.
  • 参与者做出了涉及潜在即时收益的选择,而不是学习未来的奖励.
  • 评估了参与者对他们关于即时奖励和总奖励的选择的信心.

主要成果:

  • 证实了先前的调查结果,即探险增加,试验时间更长.
  • 与预测相反,在即时奖励和总奖励之间的信心评级中没有发现显著差异.
  • 观察到选择行为和信心判断之间的分离.

结论:

  • 这些发现表明,信任判断并没有根据它们与探索性决定后的立即或累积奖励有关而区分.
  • 这种分离提供了进一步的证据,表明选择选择和信心评估的基础是不同的神经和认知机制.
  • 该研究有助于理解探索,利用和决策中的元认知判断之间的复杂相互作用.