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语音和手势的频率和功能在生命的第二年
Megan M Burkhardt-Reed1, Edina R Bene2, D Kimbrough Oller2,3,4
1Department of Communication, Social Sciences Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
PloS one
|January 9, 2025
概括
发音,而不是手势,在人类婴儿的早期沟通中占主导地位. 这项研究发现口语比手势更频繁,挑战了语言发展的手势理论.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 灵长类的沟通方式
背景情况:
- 手势理论认为,手势是语言进化和早期发展的基础.
- 之前的研究挑战了这一点,表明早期的发音在生命的第一年超过了手势.
研究的目的:
- 纵向分析人类婴儿生命的第二年沟通.
- 用经验数据进一步挑战语言发展的手势理论.
主要方法:
- 在13岁,16岁和20个月的婴儿沟通的纵向数据收集.
- 语音 (口语) 与手势的量化,区分动态手势和功能符号.
主要成果:
- 在生命的第二年,语音占主导地位,而不是手势.
- 观察到口语的频率是功能相等的手势 (标志) 的9倍以上.
- 大约75%的手势是动态的 (例如,指点),服务于直接的功能,而不是象征性的参考.
结论:
- 婴儿的发音,特别是口语,是学习沟通的主要方式,而不是手势.
- 辩证手势支持词汇的获取,但缺乏灵活的,抽象的词语和符号的引用能力.
- 这些发现挑战了手势在语言演变和发展中的首要地位,支持以语音为中心的观点.
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