相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 3, 2025
06:39
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
Published on: February 10, 2023
1.9K
美国医疗保险覆盖过度活跃的膀药物的趋势
Neha G Gaddam1, Megan B Wallace2, Alexis A Dieter1
1From Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center/Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|January 9, 2025
概括
医疗保险对过度活性膀 (OAB) 药物的保险覆盖有利于具有较高认知风险的药物. 首选的OAB药物,如β3激动剂,显示覆盖范围较差,影响认知衰退风险较高的老年人.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 药物经济学 药物经济学
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
背景情况:
- 抗胆固醇药物与长期认知能力下降有关,这对老年人群来说是一个重大问题.
- 老年人过度活性膀 (OAB) 管理通常受保险覆盖限制的影响,而不是临床偏好.
- OAB治疗的认知副作用需要仔细考虑药物可用性.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估医疗保险计划对各种过度活性膀 (OAB) 药物的覆盖.
- 为了比较OAB药物与较高的认知功能障碍风险和首选替代品之间的保险覆盖.
- 在医疗保险计划中识别OAB药物覆盖率的差异.
主要方法:
- 对6家美国主要保险公司的配方和保险层进行了横截面分析.
- 计算了11种选择的OAB药物的覆盖率,区分非偏好的和偏好的药物类别.
- 这项研究比较了像氧丁宁和托尔特罗丁这样的药物的覆盖范围与特罗斯皮,米拉贝格朗和维贝格朗.
主要成果:
- 立即释放的氧化丁尼 (IR) 表现出最佳的覆盖率 (0.4),而延长释放的 (ER) 则表现最差 (0.89).
- 首选的OAB药物,包括β-3激动剂,与非首选的抗胆固醇药物相比,具有明显较差的覆盖率 (P < 0.001).
- Centene提供了最好的整体覆盖,而Aetna/CVS为首选药物提供了最佳的覆盖和启动成本.
结论:
- 医疗保险覆盖率趋势表明,人们无法获得优选的OAB药物,特别是β-3激动剂.
- 这种缺乏更安全的替代品的覆盖范围可能会无意中增加老年患者认知功能障碍的风险.
- 改善医疗保险对首选OAB药物的覆盖,对于保护老龄人口的认知健康至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:17Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS
146
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
146
01:26The Micturition Reflex
419
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
419
01:24Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics
408
Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations, while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
408
01:21Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS
131
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
131
01:30Current Trends in Nursing II
1.2K
Trends in nursing are multifactorial and associated with changes in society, within the nursing profession, and in other professions. Notably, telehealth and remote nursing contribute to successful healthcare delivery for numerous patients and help reduce stress for nurses due to nursing shortages. Nurses can reach patients, monitor their conditions, and interact with them using computers, audio, visual accessories, and telephones—for example, remote patient monitoring systems. Likewise,...
1.2K
01:23Urinary Bladder
377
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
377