相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

城市固体废物浸液中基基抗性有机物质的分子组成

Weiming Chen¹, Zhepei Gu², Chen He³

¹School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China; Key Laboratory of Treatment for Special Wastewater of Sichuan Province Higher Education System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China.

Journal of hazardous materials

|January 9, 2025

概括

耐性溶解有机物 (DOM) 阻碍了废水处理中的污染物完全去除. 识别和理解这种反抗性的DOM是改善Fenton系统等先进氧化过程的关键.

科学领域:

环境化学环境化学
先进的氧化过程先进的氧化过程
废水处理废水处理

背景情况:

基基 (•OH) 是一种强有力的氧化剂,在芬顿/芬顿类系统中用于降解有机污染物.
使用这些系统的生物处理废水 (BTL) 中溶解有机物 (DOM) 的矿化率通常不够理想.
在BTL中DOM矿化不完全的具体原因在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

为了研究DOM的分子组成,它可以抵抗BTL中的OH降解.
为了确定反抗性DOM分量的特征.
为了阐明不同DOM分量的贡献不完全矿化在芬顿类型的处理.

主要方法:

使用三个典型的芬顿式系统来治疗BTL.
使用超高分辨率质谱法对DOM分子组成进行分析.
耐性DOM的分类,分为衍生和内在的分数.

主要成果:

耐性DOM比反应性DOM更有氧化,不太和/芳香,分子量更高,含有更多含氧的功能组.
耐药DOM由大约20%的OH衍生DOM (DOM衍生) 和80%的内在存在的DOM (DOM内在) 组成.
在很大程度上,DOMintrinsic对OH没有反应,导致其在经过处理的废水中持续存在.

结论:

本质耐药DOM (DOMintrinsic) 的存在是限制BTL中的Fenton/Fenton类系统矿化效率的主要因素.
了解耐药DOM的分子特征,使得能够开发增强矿物化的策略.
一种基于耐药DOM组合的拟议方法使用仅5mM的硫酸盐实现了高达95%的TOC去除.

关键词:

这是一种基基.分子组成分子构成反应电阻的反应电阻.废弃物浸液溶解有机物质.

更多相关视频

Transformation of Organic Household Leftovers into a Peat Substitute

Transformation of Organic Household Leftovers into a Peat Substitute

Published on: July 9, 2019

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

相关概念视频

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview

The addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via an anti-Markovnikov pathway and yields alkyl bromides.

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Mechanism

The reaction of hydrogen bromide with alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via anti-Markovnikov addition. The radical chain reaction comprises initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
The mechanism starts with chain initiation, which involves two steps. In the first chain initiation step, a weak peroxide bond is homolytically cleaved upon mild heating to form two alkoxy radicals. In the second initiation step, a hydrogen atom is abstracted by the alkoxy...

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Historical perspective
In 1896, the German chemist Paul Walden discovered that he could interconvert pure enantiomeric (+) and (-) malic acids through a series of reactions. This conversion suggested the involvement of optical inversion during the substitution reaction. Further, in 1930, Sir Christopher Ingold described for the first time two different forms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, which are known as SN1 (nucleophilic substitution unimolecular) and SN2 (nucleophilic substitution...