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贸易驱动的职业热暴露相关风险的不公平分配
Meng Li1, Bo Meng2,3, Yong Geng4,5
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Nature communications
|January 9, 2025
概括
全球贸易在1995年至2020年期间显著增加了89%的工人暴露于极端高温. 发展中国家经济体承受着这种热量暴露的沉重负担,在全球劳动力体系中面临不平等的风险和成本.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
背景情况:
- 极端的工作场所热量对人类劳动造成重大威胁,全球劳动密集型生产贸易加剧了这一威胁.
- 全球气温上升增加了职业环境中危险热条件的频率和强度.
研究的目的:
- 量化与贸易相关的职业极热暴露的风险.
- 通过全球贸易分析热暴露再分配对经济和公平的影响.
主要方法:
- 结合气候模型和输入输出模型来评估与贸易相关的热暴露.
- 从1995年到2020年,分析了劳工暴露于极端高温的变化.
主要成果:
- 从1995年到2020年,与贸易相关的劳动者对极端高温的暴露增加了89% (从211.5到4190亿人小时).
- 低收入和中低收入经济体承受着不成比例的负担,占全球风险的72%,但仅占补偿的6.7%.
- 热敏感国家的工人在工作时间的50%时间都面临极端高温.
结论:
- 全球贸易模式导致发达经济体和发展中国家之间的热暴露风险存在重大不平等.
- 发展中国家迫切需要气候适应基础设施,以保护全球关键生产角色的弱势工人.
- 解决暴露于热量的不平等问题对于实现全球公平安全的工作条件至关重要.
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