在医疗保健环境中武器的流行:系统性审查和元分析
Sarayna S McGuire1, Casey M Clements1, Dana J Gerberi2
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes
|January 10, 2025
概括
武器存在于美国医疗保健机构,总体患病率为4.0%. 刀刃武器是最常见的,并且患病率因患者类型和查方法而异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健安全 医疗保健安全
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 医疗保健机构越来越多地被认为是武器相关事件的潜在环境.
- 了解患者和访客中武器的普遍性对于制定有效的安全协议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估和量化美国医疗机构患者和/或访客携带武器的流行情况.
- 识别影响武器普及的因素,包括武器类型,载体特性和选方法.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,CINAHL,EBSCO MegaFILE) 进行了系统的文献搜索,截至2024年1月12日.
- 包括1984年至2023年间发表的美国的14项观察性研究.
- 采用随机效应模型进行聚合流行率估计,并进行子组分析.
主要成果:
- 在医疗保健机构使用武器的总体综合流行率为4.0% (95% CI,2.0%-7.8%).
- 刀具武器最为普遍 (3.8%),其次是其他武器 (0.6%) 和枪支 (0.1%).
- 患病率因设置和查方法而异,在手术检查重创患者 (24.3%) 时观察到的最高率.
结论:
- 美国医疗保健机构中存在武器,需要采取积极的安全措施.
- 患病率受到特定的医疗环境,患者群体和所采用的检测策略的影响.
- 调查结果强调,需要根据不同医疗保健环境的风险评估制定量身定制的安全方法.
相关概念视频
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
01:23Hand hygiene
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Hand washing...
01:30Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection
Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
01:22PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
01:26Standard Precaution
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...