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从家养狗到伊比利亚灰狼的自适应性侵入是罕见的,但有记录. 狼中积极选择的狗基因影响免疫力和大脑功能,可能解释独特的行为.

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 保护生物学 保护生物学

背景情况:

  • 野生物种和养物种之间的杂交可以引入等位基因,通常被认为是有害的.
  • 适应性内向,其中内向基因有利于野生种群,是罕见的,但可能的.
  • 灰狼 (Canis lupus) 和家养狗 (C. familiaris) 共同存在,为杂交提供了机会.

研究的目的:

  • 调查狗的侵入程度和影响在孤立的伊比利亚灰狼种群.
  • 在伊比利亚狼群中识别适应性内进和积极选择基因的实例.
  • 了解野生狼种群中古代狗祖先的进化后果.

主要方法:

  • 150只伊比利亚和欧亚灰狼的全基因组测序,以及欧洲和西伯利亚的狗.
  • 使用单次扫描统计数据和祖先丰富估计的分析来检测内入侵.
  • 在内进区域内识别积极选择的基因.

主要成果:

  • 在伊比利亚狼中发现的最小的近期内进和低的整体古代狗祖先 (<5%).
  • 在六个基因 (DAPP1,NSMCE4A,MPPED2,PCDH9,MBTPS1,CDH13) 发现了具有进化狗等位基因的积极选择.
  • 选择的基因参与免疫反应和大脑功能,可能会影响狼的行为.

结论:

  • 从狗到伊比利亚狼发生了自适应性内进,这与人们普遍认为的负面影响相反.
  • 与免疫和大脑功能相关的基因中的内进基因可能会导致独特的伊比利亚狼表型,例如减少分散.
  • 这项研究突出了人类修改的景观中野生犬类和家养狗之间的复杂进化动态.