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动态树林和冰层对美国洛基山脉中期Holocene气候变化的反应
Gregory T Pederson1, Daniel Stahle1,2, David B McWethy2
1U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715.
概括
在现代树林线以上发现的古老的白皮松树揭示了Holocene中期的气候变化. 气温上升表明,树林线可能会向上扩展,影响生态系统和水安全.
科学领域:
- 古气候学 古气候学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 气候变化影响高海拔森林,雪和冰盖,影响生态系统和水安全.
- 融化的冰块揭示了过去的森林分布,为气候动态提供了洞察力.
- 白皮松 (Pinus albicaulis) 是高海拔生态系统中的一个关键物种.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建过去的温度条件,使用来自古代白皮松树支架的亚化石木材.
- 了解森林的气候驱动因素,森林的建立,死亡率和树林线的变化在Holocene中期.
- 将过去的气候状况与最近的变暖趋势进行比较,并预测未来的树林线动态.
主要方法:
- 利用亚化石白皮松树木的树环分析来估计过去的温度.
- 为温暖季节 (五月至十月) 条件开发了基于树环的温度估计.
- 采用过渡性气候模型模拟来确定区域降温的驱动因素.
主要成果:
- 中 Holocene 森林的建立发生在平均暖季温度为 6.2 °C 的情况下.
- 一个多世纪的冷却异常 (低于5.8°C) 导致死亡率在公元前5440年左右保持稳定.
- 火山喷发和夏季阳光照射的变化推动了区域冷却事件.
- 最近的变暖 (公元2000年至2020年) 正在接近,可能超过Holocene中期的温度.
结论:
- 中 Holocene 的气候波动显著影响了高海拔森林分布和冰块动态.
- 持续的火山活动有助于百年规模的冷却和冰的保存.
- 目前的气候变暖趋势表明,潜在的上坡树林线扩张,取决于水分和干扰.
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