基于生物机械和生理负荷的训练练习的描述和分类,在精英篮球中
Carlos Sosa1, Enrique Alonso-Pérez-Chao2,3, Carlos Ribas3
1Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 11, 2025
概括
篮球练习在生理和生物力学要求上有所不同. 较少玩家的开放式练习增加了生理负载,而拥挤的防御者练习提高了生物力学负载,以更好地优化训练.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 篮球训练涉及各种不同的练习,需要不同的身体要求.
- 了解这些需求对于优化球员表现和预防受伤至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明特定篮球演习的独特生理和生物力学负载.
研究的目的:
- 量化和区分各种篮球训练任务的生理和生物力学负载.
- 根据演练需求,提供关于如何构建篮球训练会的实际建议.
主要方法:
- 通过使用局部定位系统技术,在12名篮球运动员的179次训练中监测了外部负载变量.
- 关键变量包括总距离,强度特定距离,加速,减速,PlayerLoadTM和爆炸力.
- 进行了统计分析,以比较不同玩家数量和空间限制的演练之间的负载差异.
主要成果:
- 用更多空间和更少的防守者 (例如,3v0全场) 进行的演练导致了显著更高的生理负荷.
- 增加防御压力和更少空间 (例如,5v5全场) 的演练显示出显著更高的生物力学负载.
- 对于两个负载指标,在钻孔类型之间观察到具有统计学意义的差异 (p < 0.05),影响大小很大.
结论:
- 用更少的球员和更多的空间进行篮球练习主要会增加生理负载.
- 涉及更多球员的演练和防守压力显著提高了生物力学负载.
- 教练应该在训练的早期战略性地安排高生物力学负载演练,并在以后进行高生理负载演练,以优化球员发展和负载管理.
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