从过度放牧土地到森林:评估Caatinga生物群中的土壤健康
Wanderlei Bieluczyk1, Pablo Acácio Dos Santos Souza2, Andressa Silva de Oliveira2
1University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, 303 Centenário Avenue, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil.
Journal of environmental management
|January 11, 2025
概括
过度放牧严重降解了Caatinga土壤,减少了碳和生物功能. 三年的放牧禁令并没有显著地恢复土壤的健康或功能,这凸显了长期影响和需要积极的恢复战略.
科学领域:
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学环境科学
背景情况:
- 过度放牧是Caatinga生物群中土壤退化和荒漠化的主要驱动因素.
- 土壤的多功能性和健康 (SH) 对于生态系统的恢复至关重要,但在放牧压力下人们对其了解甚少.
- 放牧排除是一种潜在的低成本恢复方法,但其在早期阶段的有效性需要研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估过度放牧对Caatinga土壤指标,功能和整体土壤健康的影响.
- 评估早期放牧排除 (三年) 在恢复土壤功能和健康方面的有效性.
- 了解土壤碳储量与土壤健康在受损的卡廷加生态系统之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 来自保护森林,长期过度放牧的牧场 (>30年) 和年轻的围开放森林 (3年) 的土壤样本的比较.
- 来自0-20厘米层的13个物理,化学和生物土壤指标的分析.
- 基于土壤功能的土壤健康指数得分计算和碳库变化评估.
主要成果:
- 过度放牧显著压缩的土壤,减少,碳 (C),微生物生物质C和蛋白,降低物理,化学和生物功能.
- 在过度放牧地区,土壤健康评分下降了18%,生物功能下降了43%,区域C耗尽14.7Mg C ha-1.1.
- 在被放牧的牧场和年轻的 (3年) 开放森林之间没有观察到土壤功能或土壤健康的显著差异,这表明恢复有限.
结论:
- 过度放牧严重损害了Caatinga的土壤多功能性和健康,生物功能受到影响最严重.
- 早期放牧排除 (3年) 不足以恢复关键的土壤功能,这表明持续的退化遗产.
- 积极的恢复实践和更长的时间序列是必要的,以改善Caatinga生物群中的生态恢复知识和努力.
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