为戒烟提供激励措施
Caitlin Notley1, Sarah Gentry1, Jonathan Livingstone-Banks2
1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|January 12, 2025
概括
财政激励措施在一般和孕妇人口中显著提高长期戒烟率. 这些奖励,包括现金和优惠券,即使在撤回后,也显示出持续的有效性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 金融激励,如金钱,优惠券或自我存款,用于加强戒烟.
- 这些激励措施可以作为一次性奖励或通过持续戒断的应急管理计划来提供.
- 激励计划已经在各种环境中实施,包括工作场所,诊所和基于社区的倡议.
研究的目的:
- 评估金融激励和应急管理计划的长期有效性,以帮助混合人口和孕妇戒烟.
- 评估激励措施在干预期之后的持续影响.
- 分析具体针对孕妇群体的结果,区分条件和保证奖励.
主要方法:
- 通过全面的数据库搜索识别的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 纳入标准包括混合人群 (社区,工作,临床) 和吸烟的孕妇的研究.
- 主要结局是在最长的随访期吸烟戒断 (混合群体≥6个月,孕妇群体≥怀孕结束);使用随机效应模型汇总的数据.
主要成果:
- 48个混合人群研究 (21,924名参与者) 显示,吸烟戒烟与激励的风险比率 (RR) 为1.52 (95% CI为1.33至1.74).
- 在长期随访中,即使在收回奖励后,激励效果也保持不变 (RR 1.46,95% CI 1.23至1.73).
- 涉及怀孕个体的14项研究 (4314名参与者) 显示,戒烟的综合RR为2.13 (95%CI为1.58至2.86).
结论:
- 高确定性证据证实,金融激励措施在混合人群中显著提高了长期戒烟率.
- 激励计划对孕妇戒烟非常有效,现在已经建立了高确定性证据.
- 未来的研究应该探讨各种人群的激励效果,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
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