概括
高致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 和A ((H5N5) 病毒在欧洲鸟类中广泛传播. 人类感染仍然很少见,欧洲的公共风险很低,尽管职业暴露带来了中等风险.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学和流行病学.
- 动物传染病监测动物传染病监测
- 公共卫生 微生物学
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 对鸟类种群构成重大威胁,并可能产生动物感染的影响.
- 监测HPAI病毒的传播和演变,如AH5N1和AH5N5,对于早期检测和控制至关重要.
- 了解野生和养动物的传播动态,可以为人类群体的风险评估提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 报告在特定期间在欧洲各地的鸟类中检测到高度致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 和A ((H5N5) 病毒.
- 为了记录 A ((H5N5) 病毒的地理和宿主范围扩张.
- 总结人类感染禽流感病毒的病例,评估相关风险.
主要方法:
- 在欧洲27个国家的家禽和野生鸟类中检测到HPAI病毒的监测数据收集.
- 对疫情模式的分析,包括在家禽中集群和二次传播.
- 汇编和审查报告的人类病例和暴露史.
主要成果:
- 在2024年9月至12月期间,在欧洲鸟类 (341只家禽,316只野生) 中报告了657例HPAI A ((H5N1) 和A ((H5N5) 病毒检测.
- 甲型 (H5N5) 病毒的地理和宿主范围扩大,影响水鸟,海和乌.
- 全球报告了56例人类禽流感新病例,主要与北美家禽或奶牛接触有关.
结论:
- 在欧盟/欧洲经济区内,一般公众感染流传的禽流感病毒A(H5) 的风险仍然很低.
- 职业或直接接触感染的动物或受污染的环境的人面临的风险低至中等.
- 持续的监测和监测对于追踪HPAI病毒的演变和潜在的动物传播至关重要.
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