根据心血管健康和社会经济脆弱性,美国成人饮食模式的差异
Eric J Brandt1,2, Cindy Leung3, Tammy Chang1,4
1Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 13, 2025
概括
美国成年人的饮食模式因心血管疾病 (CVD) 状态和社会经济因素而异. 美国饮食在心血管疾病患者和SNAP参与者中更为普遍,突出了营养差异.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 公共卫生营养 公共卫生营养
- 心血管疾病的研究研究.
背景情况:
- 饮食模式显著影响整体健康,但其特定特征在心血管疾病 (CVD) 患者群体中仍未得到充分探索,特别是考虑到社会经济脆弱性.
- 了解这些饮食模式对于有针对性的公共卫生干预和改善风险组的营养指导至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定美国成年人的主要饮食模式.
- 根据心脏病发病率,社会风险因素以及参与补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 的情况,研究这些饮食模式的分布.
主要方法:
- 一项采用32498名非医疗机构成年人的数据进行的横截面研究,这些成年人在国家健康和营养检查调查 (2009-2020) 中进行了调查.
- 主要成分分析被用来识别不同的饮食模式.
- 使用多项逻辑回归来分析跨子组的模式对齐,调整人口统计和能量摄入变量,并纳入采样权重以获得国家代表性.
主要成果:
- 确定了四种主要的饮食模式:美国 (33.7%),谨慎 (22.6%),豆类 (15.8%),水果/全谷物/乳制品 (27.9%).
- 美国模式在患有心血管疾病 (37.1%) 的成年人中比没有 (33.3%) 的成年人更为普遍.
- 增加的社会风险因素与更高的坚持美国和豆类模式以及较低的坚持谨慎和水果/全谷物/乳制品模式相关. SNAP参与者和收入符合条件的非参与者显示出与美国和豆类模式一致的更高比例.
结论:
- 经验性饮食模式显示出基于心脏病状况和社会经济脆弱性的显著变化.
- 旨在改善风险人群营养的公共卫生倡议应该承认并解决这些自然发生的饮食模式及其在关键子组内的特定分布.
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