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机器学习模型的开发和外部验证,以预测螺旋计的限制
Alexander T Moffett1,2,3, Aparna Balasubramanian4, Meredith C McCormack4
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|January 13, 2025
概括
机器学习模型显著提高了肺功能测试解释准确性和公平性,以检测肺部限制. 这些模型显示的负预测值高于当前的指导方针,特别是非西班牙裔黑人患者.
科学领域:
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 目前欧洲呼吸学会和美国胸腔学会 (ERS/ATS) 的指导方针使用强迫的生命能力 (FVC) 和正常的下限 (LLN) 来排除限制.
- 最近的数据表明,FVC LLN的负预测值 (NPV) 较低,特别是在非西班牙裔黑人患者中.
- 这项研究解决了在肺功能测试 (PFT) 解释中提高准确性和公平性的需求.
研究的目的:
- 开发和外部验证一个机器学习 (ML) 模型来预测螺旋测量限制.
- 确定ML模型是否可以提高PFT解释的准确性和公平性.
主要方法:
- 采用了来自两个卫生系统的静态和动态肺体积测量的PFT.
- 训练后勤回归,随机森林和使用人口统计,人体测量和螺旋测量数据增强树木模型.
- 外部验证的模型使用来自单独卫生系统的数据,评估NPV和种族平等.
主要成果:
- 这三种ML模型在预测限制方面都超过了FVCLLN.
- 随机森林模型显示,与FVC LLN (72.7%) 相比,FVC LLN的整体NPV (88.3%) 显著更高.
- 与FVC LLN相比,随机森林模型显示非西班牙裔黑人 (74.6%) 和非西班牙裔白人 (90.9%) 患者的NPV有所改善.
结论:
- ML模型提高了PFT解释的准确性和公平性,以排除限制.
- 虽然ML模型改进了当前的指导方针,但它们并不能完全消除预测中观察到的种族差异.
- 可能需要进一步的研究,以充分解决PFT解释中的种族差异.
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