如何运行线性混合效应分析对对进行比较? 一个教程和一项关于计算标准化效果大小的建议
Marc Brysbaert1, Dries Debeer1
1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
Journal of cognition
|January 13, 2025
概括
本教程指导研究人员使用线性混合效应 (LME) 分析进行简单设计. 与传统方法相比,LME提供了优势,特别是在每位参与者进行多次观察的情况下,并引入了新的效果大小指标.
科学领域:
- 统计 统计 统计 统计
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 传统的统计方法,如t测试,ANOVA和线性回归,对复杂的数据结构有局限性.
- 线性混合效应 (LME) 模型提供了一个灵活的框架来分析数据与非独立的观察,如重复测量.
- 研究人员经常需要指导来实施LME用于简单的设计和解释效果大小.
研究的目的:
- 为简单的实验设计提供实用教程,用于进行线性混合效应 (LME) 分析.
- 在随机变化的不同来源的场景中,将LME与传统的统计方法 (t测试,ANOVA,线性回归) 进行比较.
- 引入和评估适合LME的标准化效果大小测量,解决部分eta平方等传统测量的局限性.
主要方法:
- 将LME分析与参与者作为随机变化的唯一来源的设计的传统方法进行比较.
- 将LME分析扩展到包含参与者和刺激作为随机变化的来源的设计,以提高概括性.
- 使用R和jamovi中的玩具数据集展示LME实现,包括计算新效果大小指标,如eta平方在内.
主要成果:
- 当每个参与者存在多个观察时,LME分析被证明比传统方法更有信息性.
- 部分eta平方在LME中发现信息不足,而不是在ANOVA中.
- 提议以eta squared within作为LME的有价值的替代效果大小测量方法,补充传统的eta squared.
结论:
- 本教程为研究人员提供了将LME应用于简单2x2设计的基础知识.
- 本文所介绍的方法和效果大小指标有助于在LME中进行可靠的统计分析和解释.
- 该教程是研究人员在未来研究中自信地处理更复杂的LME设计的起步石.
相关概念视频
Multiple Comparison Tests
3.8K
Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
3.8K
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
144
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
144
Sign Test for Matched Pairs
99
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
99
One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes
3.2K
One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...
3.2K
Two-Way ANOVA
2.6K
The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
The two-way ANOVA analysis initially begins by stating the null hypothesis that there is an interaction effect between the two factors of a dataset. This effect can be visualized using line segments formed by joining the...
2.6K
Bonferroni Test
2.7K
The Bonferroni test is a statistical test named after Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, an Italian mathematician best known for Bonferroni inequalities. This statistical test is a type of multiple comparison test to determine which means are different than the rest. Bonferroni test can minimize the Type 1 error by reducing the significance level alpha, which otherwise increases with sample pairs.
The means of different samples are first paired in all possible combinations.
The null hypothesis of the...
The means of different samples are first paired in all possible combinations.
The null hypothesis of the...
2.7K


