在同时发声的声音之间,听觉空间和非空间注意力的准备性切换
Aureliu Lavric1, Elisa Schmied1,2
1University of Exeter, UK.
Journal of cognition
|January 13, 2025
概括
准备好将注意力转移到不同的声音,无论是根据位置还是性别,都会降低表演成本. 这表明准备性注意力转移在单一任务维度内是有效的.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
背景情况:
- 在复杂的听觉环境中,注意力选择,就像尾酒派对效应一样,对于有效的沟通至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,根据性别线索准备转移注意力可以降低绩效成本,但未知位置线索的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查注意力开关的准备是否有效,当声音根据空间位置被选择时.
- 为了比较文字与图片线索在准备注意力转移时的有效性.
- 探索语音特征约束对注意力切换成本的影响.
主要方法:
- 参与者执行了一个听觉选择任务,关注两个同时发言的声音 (男性/女性) 之一.
- 声音是根据空间位置 (左/右) 或性别进行的.
- 在不同间隔 (50,800,1400毫秒) 的声音前呈现了一个提示 (单词或图像),以信号目标声音.
- 切换成本是通过比较目标语音变化与保持相同时的性能来衡量.
主要成果:
- 准备工作显著降低了切换成本,无论提示是基于空间还是基于性别.
- 当声音在试验中始终呈现在同一侧时,表现更好,这表明特征结合.
- 图片线索比单词线索更有效,特别是在更短的线索-刺激间隔,这表明文字处理的干扰.
结论:
- 准备性注意力转移是有效的,用于将焦点转移到由位置提示的声音之间,类似于性别提示.
- 注意力准备可以在一个与任务相关的单一维度内有效地运行.
- 提示模式的选择 (图像与单词) 影响了注意力准备的效率,图片优越,特别是在时间限制下.
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