针对非传染性疾病的个性化预防方法的现状:一个范围审查
Sara Farina1, Tommaso Osti1, Luigi Russo1
1University Department of Life Science and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
PloS one
|January 13, 2025
概括
个性化预防策略越来越多地被研究,重点是瘤学和心血管疾病. 然而,需要更多的研究来支持初级和二级预防中的临床实用性.
科学领域:
- 医学研究 医学研究
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病对全球健康构成重大挑战.
- 个性化预防是缓解慢性疾病影响的关键策略.
- 综合证据对于采用个性化预防至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 提供有关慢性疾病个性化预防的最新出版物的概述.
- 在不同疾病类型和预防水平上绘制个性化预防方法的地图.
- 确定个性化预防领域的研究缺口和挑战.
主要方法:
- 从主要数据库 (Medline,Scopus,Web of Science) 和灰色文献中对科学文献进行全面的范围审查.
- 包括2017年1月至2023年12月期间公布的前性初级研究和临床实践指令.
- 遵守已建立的指导方针 (Arksey-O'Malley) 和报告标准 (PRISMA-ScR).
主要成果:
- 确定了121份出版物,包括60份初级队列研究和61份临床实践指令.
- 提取了249种个性化预防方法,其中46%用于三级,27%用于二级和27%用于初级预防.
- 第三级预防主导着初级研究 (54%) 和指令 (41%),特别关注癌症和心血管疾病.
结论:
- 近年来,瘤学领域对个性化预防的重视越来越大,许多临床实践指令都证明了这一点.
- 对心血管疾病个性化初级预防的越来越多的兴趣,从原始研究中可以看出.
- 目前的研究和指令在预防层面的分布表明,在建立初级和二级预防的临床实用性方面存在挑战.
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