从吸血鬼传染给牲畜的狂犬病:一个概述
Diego Soler-Tovar1,2, Luis E Escobar1,2,3,4,5
1Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.
PloS one
|January 13, 2025
概括
蝙蝠传染狂犬病 (RABV) 正在拉丁美洲重新出现,与常见的吸血鬼蝙蝠 (Desmodus rotundus) 相关的牲畜疫情增加. 虽然爆发频率上升,但个体爆发规模下降,这表明有效管理但传播风险上升.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
背景情况:
- 狂犬病是一种影响人类和动物健康的全球性动物性疾病,特别是在拉丁美洲农村地区,它影响了粮食安全和经济.
- 常见的吸血鬼蝙蝠 (Desmodus rotundus) 是拉丁美洲狂犬病病毒 (RABV) 的主要储存和传播者,对畜牧业产生重大影响.
研究的目的:
- 从1970年到2023年,分析拉丁美洲的牛中与Desmodus rotundus RABV相关的狂犬病模式.
- 为了确定疫情发生频率,规模和地理分布的趋势.
- 探索蝙蝠狂犬病发病率与牛疫情之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 拉丁美洲狂犬病的流行病学数据从泛美卫生组织 (1970-2023) 收集.
- 进行了统计分析,以确定年度疫情,疫情规模和地理分布的趋势.
- 相关性分析用于评估Desmodus rotundus狂犬病发病率与秘鲁,萨尔瓦多和巴西的牛疫情之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在受影响的拉丁美洲国家,平均每年发生450次Desmodus rotundus RABV疫情,每次疫情至少有6只动物受到影响.
- 巴西,哥伦比亚,秘鲁和墨西哥报告了最多的疫情.
- 从2003年到2020年,牛群狂犬病爆发的显著增加被观察到,这表明蝙蝠带来的狂犬病再次出现,在2002年之后,跨物种传播增加. 疫情规模减少,但频率增加.
- 在Desmodus rotundus的狂犬病发病率和秘鲁,萨尔瓦多和巴西的牛疫情之间发现了强烈的正相关性 (R = 0.73,p = 0.01).
结论:
- 调查结果表明,蝙蝠传播狂犬病在拉丁美洲重新出现,其特点是越来越多的牛疫情.
- 虽然疫情规模的减少可能表明流行病管理策略取得了成功,但疫情频率的增加凸显了跨物种传播风险的增加.
- 实施对Desmodus rotundus种群和健康的持续监测对于开发RABV和其他蝙蝠传播病原体的早期预警系统至关重要.
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