在哈萨克斯坦"联盟-FG"发射器紧急落的环境影响
Ivan Semenkov1, Erlan Bekeshev2,3, Yelena Stepanova2
1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. semenkov@geogr.msu.ru.
Environmental science and pollution research international
|January 13, 2025
概括
2018年在哈萨克斯坦发生的火箭毁导致有毒的飞机燃料和不对称的二甲基 (UDMH) 流入干旱的生态系统. 土壤监测显示出严重的污染,但在回收四年后,UDMH水平下降到低于检测极限,有助于生态系统恢复工作.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 干旱地区的生态系统
背景情况:
- 太空发射活动带来环境风险,特别是在脆弱的生态系统.
- 2018年在哈萨克斯坦失败的索尤兹-FG MS-10发射释放了危险的火箭推进剂.
- 污染包括有毒的喷气式燃料和致癌的非对称二甲基化 (UDMH).
研究的目的:
- 评估火箭推进剂泄漏在中哈萨克斯坦干旱生态系统中的环境影响.
- 随着时间的推移,监测总石油碳化合物 (TPHs) 和UDMH的土壤污染水平.
- 评估回收工作的有效性,并为未来的监测策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在发射车毁后,在2018年,2019年,2022年和2023年进行了土壤调查.
- 分析了总石油碳化合物 (TPHs),不对称二甲基 (UDMH),二甲基胺 (NDMA) 和关键土壤参数 (离子,性,离子交换能力) 的土壤样本.
- 使用高性能液体染色学来敏感检测污染物.
主要成果:
- 最初的TPH水平达到1645mg/kg,在3.5年内显著下降.
- 燃料站点的UDMH和NDMA度最初很高 (分别为22和9毫克/公斤),远远超过了允许的限值.
- 康复后四年,UDMH和NDMA水平低于检测极限 (<0.05 mg/kg).
- 土壤化学表现出显著的变化,在回收后的不同季节观察到高的TPH,化物,硫酸盐和某些化合物.
结论:
- 该研究表明,在脆弱的干旱环境中,火箭推进剂的初始污染严重.
- 恢复工作在将有毒的UDMH和NDMA度降低到无法检测的水平方面非常有效.
- 长期监测土壤参数对于了解生态系统恢复和优化发射车撞击地点的恢复策略至关重要.
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