连续的鼻内增强剂触发了针对SARS-CoV-2的类切换,从肌内原始化的IgG转变为粘膜IgA
Yifan Lin1,2, Xuejiao Liao3, Xuezhi Cao4
1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
The Journal of clinical investigation
|January 14, 2025
概括
一种新的鼻内刺激策略显著提高了COVID-19疫苗免疫力. 这种方法通过促进粘膜IgA抗体反应来改善上呼吸道和全身保护,从而提供对SARS-CoV-2变种的更好的防御.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- COVID-19 变种和反复感染需要疫苗来减少传播.
- 目前的肌肉内接种疫苗在保护上呼吸道粘膜方面存在局限性.
- 迫切需要先进的疫苗策略来增强粘膜免疫力.
研究的目的:
- 为SARS-CoV-2蛋白质疫苗开发和评估一种新的顺序免疫策略.
- 为了评估肌内 (IM) 启动后的肌内 (IN) 增强的疗效.
- 研究增强系统性和粘膜性抗病毒免疫力的方法.
主要方法:
- 开发一种非辅助的,IFN武装的SARS-CoV-2融合蛋白疫苗.
- 在小鼠模型中的顺序免疫接种:IM初始接下来是IN增强.
- 对全身和粘膜T和B细胞反应的分析,包括IgA抗体的产生.
- B细胞受体测序 (BCR-seq) 来追踪B细胞的反应.
- 在IM+IN接种疫苗后对人类进行临床研究,以评估系统性IgA反应.
主要成果:
- 在小鼠中,IM+IN连续接种疫苗显著增强了上呼吸道和全身抗病毒免疫力.
- 观察到全身和粘膜T和B细胞反应的快速增加,特别是粘膜IgA.
- 在IN提升诱导了快速的二次免疫反应,迅速产生抗原特异性IgA+B细胞.
- 在BCR-seq上显示的IgA+B细胞来源于先前存在的IgG+B细胞的类交换.
- 人类临床研究证实,在IM接种疫苗接种后,在IN增强后,血清中存在强大的全身IgA抗体反应.
结论:
- 细胞因子武装的蛋白质疫苗与IM启动和IN提升是一个有前途的战略.
- 这种方法有效地诱导了对呼吸道病毒的快速和强大的粘膜保护.
- 该战略增强了全身和粘膜免疫力,解决了当前疫苗的局限性.
- 这些发现支持开发先进的疫苗,以改善呼吸道病毒感染控制.
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