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克拉德2.3.4.4b,但不是历史的克拉德1HA复制RNA疫苗可以在小鼠中预防牛H5N1挑战

David W Hawman¹, Thomas Tipih², Eddie Hodge³

¹Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA. david.hawman@hdt.bio.

Nature communications

|January 14, 2025

概括

高致病性禽流感 A H5N1 构成流行病风险. 使用当代牛H5N1血凝素 (HA) 的新型复制RNA疫苗在小鼠中提供了完全的保护,与较旧的疫苗菌株不同.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
免疫学免疫学免疫学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学

背景情况:

高致病性禽流感A H5N1病毒在美国的传播引发了流行病的担忧.
目前美国的疫苗库存可能无法保护新出现的H5N1菌株,原因是血凝素 (HA) 头部域的突变.

研究的目的:

评估当代基于H5N1血质素 (HA) 的复制RNA疫苗对同类致命疫苗的疗效.
为了比较基于最近的牛H5N1菌株的疫苗的保护潜力,与较旧的,储存的H5N1疫苗抗原相比.

主要方法:

开发了一种复制RNA疫苗 (repRNA),编码来自美国奶牛中分离的当代H5N1病毒的HA.
挑战接种疫苗的小鼠用同源H5N1病毒的致命剂量.
评估了当代H5N1repRNA疫苗和使用较旧的H5N1HA抗原 (clade 1,A/Vietnam/1203/2004) 的repRNA疫苗所赋予的保护.

主要成果:

从当代牛H5N1分离物中表达HA的repRNA疫苗在小鼠中给予了对致命同类挑战的完全保护.
使用来自较古老的H5N1菌株 (A/越南/1203/2004) 的HA抗原的repRNA疫苗仅对同源挑战提供了部分保护.
当代牛H5N1病毒显示出逃避历史HA抗原诱导的免疫的能力.

结论:

核酸疫苗提供了一个快速更新疫苗菌株以匹配新出现的病毒的平台.
当前H5N1疫苗库存对当代牛菌株的有效性是可疑的.
新出现的H5N1菌株,例如来自美国奶牛的H5N1,可能需要更新疫苗配方,以防疫情.

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