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安布罗西亚Artemisiifolia的不同入侵的快速并行适应是由大效应的结构变异驱动的

Paul Battlay¹, Samuel Craig¹, Andhika R Putra²

¹School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Molecular biology and evolution

|January 15, 2025

概括

侵入性物种,比如常见的拉格维,在各大洲呈现平行适应,这是由于引入前存在的大量遗传变异所驱动的. 这些常存变种促进了对新环境的快速适应,无论入侵历史如何.

科学领域:

进化生物学进化生物学
基因组学就是基因组学.
生态生态学生态生态学

背景情况:

侵入性物种为适应的重复性提供了洞察力.
常见的草 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 是一种广泛的侵袭性杂草,引起花粉热.
了解适应需要研究跨本地和引入范围的遗传变异.

研究的目的:

调查北美,欧洲和澳大利亚的入侵性常见杂草的并行适应.
为了确定适应和结构变异的基因组签名,涉及范围扩张.
评估基因变异在快速适应中的作用.

主要方法:

在400多个Ambrosia artemisiifolia样本中进行了全基因组测序.
推断不同入侵路线的人口历史.
对当地气候适应和人口差异进行基因组扫描.
对大型单元区 (结构变异) 和它们的频率进行分析.

主要成果:

在欧洲和澳大利亚的入侵之间发现了平行适应的基因组特征,尽管它们的起源和种群规模不同.
37个大型单元区,代表结构变异和常态遗传变异,不成比例地与并行适应有关.
这些哈普洛布洛克影响植物大小和开花时间等特征,在被入侵的范围中迅速形成线条.
一些哈普洛克表现出极端的频率分歧,表明它们适应了不同的大陆选择压力.

结论:

大影响的站立变体在入侵物种在范围扩张期间的快速适应中发挥着至关重要的作用.
适应的模式是强大的跨越不同的入侵历史.
基因变异中的结构变异是入侵群体快速,可重复的适应的关键驱动因素.

关键词:

常见的狂野草常见的狂野草.侵袭基因组学侵袭基因组学逆转逆转逆转逆转逆转地方适应地方适应平行适应的平行适应快速适应快速适应结构变化的结构变化.

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Formation of Species

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

Gene Flow

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

Genetic Drift

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.