作为语言演变中的步骤,手势图标性和对齐性是语言演变中的步骤
Erica A Cartmill1,2,3
1Department of Anthropolgy, Indiana University.
Topics in cognitive science
|January 15, 2025
概括
人类和猿类手势交流有相似之处,但标志性和时间对齐的关键差异表明人类语言有一个独特的进化路径. 这些特征突显了猿人沟通中的认知复杂性.
科学领域:
- 灵长类动物的沟通方式
- 语言的演变语言的演变.
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
背景情况:
- 关于语言进化的研究经常将人类沟通与非人类灵长类动物的手势进行比较.
- 人类和猿人手势之间的差异通常被认为是定量的,而不是定性的.
研究的目的:
- 调查手势沟通的两个关键特征 - - 标志性和时间对齐 - - 可能代表人类和猿类沟通之间的定性差异.
- 重新评估标志性在手势语言起源理论中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对子和人类手势沟通现有研究的分析.
- 子手势中的标志性与人类共同语言手势和家用手势的比较.
- 在人类和猿类动物中检查手势和发声之间的时间对齐.
主要成果:
- 姿态中的标志性是认知上复杂的,在人类中发展缓慢,没有确的证据表明它被猿人理解或产生.
- 猿人手势可能对人类来说具有标志性意义,但缺乏共同理解形式意义相似性的证据.
- 人类婴儿在第一年内会在手势和语言之间形成紧密的时间对齐,这与猿类的较宽松的重叠不同.
结论:
- 标志性需要复杂的认知能力,如类比和抽象,这在猿类或幼儿中并不经常观察到.
- 人类中手势和发音的紧密时间同步,以及标志性参考的发展,可能代表了对语言的关键进化分歧.
- 人类的祖先可能与现代人猿类似地交流,但这些特定的手势能力的出现使它们处于独特的进化轨迹上.
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