与疫苗接种覆盖率相关的因素:2020-2021年巴西维托里亚,埃斯皮里托圣托市人口调查
João Paulo Cola1, Laylla Ribeiro Macedo1, Mariana Pereira da Silva Araújo1
1Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
概括
在巴西,12至24个月的儿童中,完全接种疫苗的覆盖率仅为57%. 使用私人免疫服务和生四个或更多孩子等因素与较低的疫苗接种率有关.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 儿童疫苗接种对于预防传染病至关重要.
- 监测疫苗接种覆盖率对于公共卫生监测至关重要.
- 了解影响疫苗接种的因素是改善公共卫生结果的关键.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定12至24个月龄的儿童在巴西维托里亚,埃斯皮里托圣都的完整疫苗接种计划的流行率.
- 确定与儿童疫苗接种覆盖率不完全相关的社会人口因素.
主要方法:
- 在巴西维托里亚 (Vitória) 进行了采用集群抽样的横截面调查.
- 从2017年至2018年间在维多利亚出生的儿童收集了数据.
- 普森回归分析被用来评估与完全接种疫苗覆盖率相关的因素.
主要成果:
- 该研究包括788名儿童,总体完整疫苗接种覆盖率为57% (95%CI:50.98-62.98).
- 当通过私人提供者获得免疫服务时,观察到完全接种疫苗的患病率较低 (PR 0.67;95% CI:0.51-0.86).
- 有四个或更多孩子的母亲也表现出完全接种疫苗的患病率较低 (PR 0.55;95% CI:0.32-0.94).
结论:
- 研究人口中儿童接种疫苗的覆盖率很低,强剂量摄入显著下降.
- 使用私人医疗保健服务进行免疫接种,以及每位母亲的孩子数量较高,与疫苗接种状态不完整有显著联系.
- 干预措施应解决私人服务中疫苗接种障碍,并在制定公共卫生战略时考虑家庭规模.
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