在挪威因可修改因素导致的癌症 2016-2020年
Paula Berstad1, Kristin Haugan1, Markus D Knudsen2
1Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Pb 5313 Majorstuen, Oslo 0304, Norway.
概括
在挪威,每年超过40%的癌症病例与12个可修改的因素有关. 减少吸烟,紫外线暴露和肥胖可以显著降低癌症发病率.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 预防癌症 预防癌症
背景情况:
- 可修改的因素为原发性癌症预防提供了重大机会.
- 量化这些因素对国家影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 这项研究估计了12个可修改因素对挪威癌症发病率的贡献.
研究的目的:
- 估计挪威人口中可归因于12个可修改的风险因素的癌症发病率比例.
- 量化通过解决这些因素可以预防的癌症病例数量.
- 确定针对癌症预防工作的关键可修改因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了1990-2015年全国代表性的健康调查数据,包括吸烟,紫外线辐射暴露,酒精消费,身体不活动,超重/肥胖,饮食,更年期激素治疗,HPV感染和母乳养等因素.
- 使用流行数据,暴露特异性癌症风险和国家癌症发病率 (2016-2020) 来计算年度人口归因分数 (PAF) 和可预防的癌症病例数.
主要成果:
- 大约41%的平均年癌症病例 (12,250例) 归因于研究的12个可改变的因素.
- 烟草吸烟是主要因素,占男性癌症病例的20%,占女性癌症病例的13%.
- 过度暴露于紫外线辐射 (日晒,室内晒) 和超重/肥胖也是显著的因素,分别占13%,10% (紫外线) 和4.5% (肥胖) 的病例.
- 皮肤,肺,结肠和女性乳腺癌的潜在可预防病例数量最高.
结论:
- 挪威每年超过三分之一的癌症病例与12个可修改的因素有关.
- 公共卫生干预措施的重点是减少烟草吸烟,过度紫外线辐射暴露和超重/肥胖,这些干预措施在挪威预防癌症最有效.
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