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牛H5N1类2.3.4.4b感染在的发病

Kyle Rosenke¹, Amanda Griffin¹, Franziska Kaiser¹

¹Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.

|January 15, 2025

概括

高致病性禽流感H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) 在奶牛中存在风险. 在中鼻腔或鼻腔内感染引起疾病,而口腔感染导致轻微的亚临床结果.

科学领域:

动物医学
病毒学
公共卫生

背景情况:

自2022年以来,高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) H5N1类 2.3.4.4b 在美国的家禽和野生鸟类中传播.
该病毒已经感染了奶牛,影响了牛奶产量,并引起了人们对潜在暴露的担忧.
牛HPAI H5N1感染是严重的公共卫生和农业问题.

研究的目的:

在灵长类动物模型中研究 HPAI H5N1 类 2.3.4.4b 的感染途径.
评估Cynomolgus不同暴露途径的系统感染和疾病的可能性.
评估HPAI H5N1通过各种暴露途径传播给哺乳动物的风险.

主要方法:

用牛HPAI H5N1类2.3.4.4b通过鼻腔,鼻腔或胃口的方式接种Cynomolgus.
疫苗注射后对临床症状,病毒分泌和血清反应进行了监测.
该研究使用灵长类模型来模拟潜在的人类暴露场景.

主要成果:

鼻腔内接种导致全身感染和轻度呼吸道疾病.
内接种导致全身感染和严重的呼吸道疾病.
输卵管注射导致有限的感染和亚临床结果与血清转化.

结论:

在中,HPAI H5N1暴露的不同途径导致疾病的严重程度不同.
呼吸道 (鼻内,鼻内) 具有更高的系统感染和疾病的风险.
在该模型中,口胃暴露似乎是造成重大疾病的不太有效途径,尽管可能发生亚临床感染和血清转化.

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