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根据农村-城市通勤区的幼儿疫苗接种覆盖率和模式
Sophia R Newcomer1, Sarah Y Michels2, Alexandria N Albers1
1Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana; School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
儿童疫苗接种覆盖率显示城市和农村地区之间的差异. 农村儿童,特别是小城镇的儿童,在及时接种疫苗率上有较慢的改善,这凸显了有针对性的干预措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 儿科公共卫生 儿科公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 国家监测显示,使用县级数据,儿童疫苗接种覆盖率在农村和城市之间存在差异.
- 之前的研究依赖于更广泛的都市统计区农村地区的指定.
- 这项研究旨在使用更细致的覆盖率和农村地区的措施来分析疫苗接种趋势.
研究的目的:
- 量化儿童疫苗接种趋势,使用分立的覆盖率和农村性的措施.
- 评估城乡儿童及时接种疫苗的差异.
- 确定最需要改善疫苗接种工作的特定农村地区.
主要方法:
- 对2014-2018年出生儿童的全国免疫调查-儿童数据 (2015-2021) 的连续,横截面分析.
- 邮政编码数据与农村-城市通勤区 (RUCA) 代码合并,用于精确的乡村分类.
- 多变量回归模型测试了出生年和RUCA之间的相互作用,以评估不同的农村趋势.
主要成果:
- 全国代表性样本为59361名儿童:87.7%的城市儿童,7.1%的大型农村儿童,5.3%的小城市/农村儿童.
- 对于2018年出生的儿童来说,七种疫苗系列覆盖率为71.2% (城市),64.9% (大型农村) 和62.6% (小城镇/农村).
- 按时接种疫苗在城市地区显著改善;与城市相比,在小城镇/农村地区的改善不那么明显.
结论:
- 城市和农村人口之间在日常和及时的儿童疫苗接种方面仍然存在显著的差异.
- 小城镇/农村地区的按时疫苗接种率的提高趋势较慢.
- 有针对性的公共卫生干预措施是必要的,以消除农村儿童接种疫苗的差距.
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