迷幻药对青少年的心理影响
Nadhrah Izmi1, Robin Lester Carhart-Harris1,2, Hannes Kettner1,2
1Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry
|January 16, 2025
概括
青少年的迷幻药物使用显示了与成年人相似的福祉改善,但具有更具挑战性的急性影响和更高的幻觉剂持续感知障碍症状率. 对于年轻人安全使用迷幻药物进行干预,需要进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 心理药理学 心理药理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
背景情况:
- 迷幻物质正在越来越多地被研究其治疗潜力.
- 关于青少年使用迷幻药的心理影响的研究有限.
- 了解迷幻体验中与年龄有关的差异对于安全性和有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较长期的心理影响,急性主观经验和青少年和成年人之间的迷幻药使用的副作用.
- 调查这些年龄组的福祉变化和不良事件的潜在差异.
- 提供关于青少年心理干预的有用性和风险的初步证据.
主要方法:
- 从两个观察性在线调查队伍的青少年 (16-24) 和成年人 (25+) 的数据汇总.
- 从基线到迷幻药使用后四周的自我报告的幸福感的纵向跟踪.
- 评估急性主观效应,剂量和上下文变量;统计分析包括ANCOVA,t测试,z测试,相关性和回归.
主要成果:
- 青少年在沃里克 - 爱丁堡心理健康量表上显示出明显的心理健康改善,与成年人相比,在沃里克 - 爱丁堡心理健康量表上.
- 与成年人相比,青少年报告了更具挑战性的急性主观体验和自我解体.
- 与幻觉持续感知障碍 (HPPD) 相关的视觉症状在青少年 (73.5%) 比成年人 (34.2%) 更为普遍,但很少令人痛苦.
结论:
- 在青少年中使用迷幻药可能会提供与成年人类似的心理益处,这表明潜在的治疗效用.
- 青少年经历明显的急性影响,包括更具挑战性的主观经历和更高的HPPD症状率.
- 在青少年群体的迷幻干预中,需要特别考虑治疗设计和风险评估.
相关概念视频
01:27Hallucinogens and Psychedelics
156
Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
156
01:22CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents
123
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
123
01:28An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs
194
Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
194
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
42
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
42
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
01:06Altered States of Awareness
147
Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
147