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在青少年橄球运动员的7天训练期间,能量可用性和宏观营养素摄入量

Lisa Lehmann¹, Magali Giacomoni², Freddy Maso³

¹Research Unit on Youth, Physical Activity, Sports and Health (J-AP2S), University of Toulon, Toulon, France.

The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

|January 16, 2025

概括

精英青少年橄球运动员的能量供应不足,碳水化合物摄入量低,影响健康和表现. 这凸显了为年轻运动员制定更好的运动营养策略的必要性.

科学领域:

体育科学运动科学运动科学
营养生理学营养生理学
青少年健康青少年健康

背景情况:

最佳营养对于精英青少年运动员的健康,发展和表现至关重要.
能量的可用性是确保年轻运动员福祉和体育成绩达到顶峰的关键因素.
这项研究调查了国家级男橄球运动员的能量可用性,支出和宏观营养素摄入量.

研究的目的:

为了量化精英青少年男子橄球运动员的能量可用性.
评估训练和恢复期间的能源支出.
为了确定与运动营养建议相对的宏观营养素摄入量.

主要方法:

一项为期7天的前性观察性研究,涉及12名青少年男性球员.
通过间接热量计和心率监测测量的能源消耗.
使用权重食品记录和基于图像的方法评估饮食摄入量;利用 (能量摄入 - 运动能量消耗) /无脂肪质量计算能量可用性.

主要成果:

在重度 (38.5千卡/千克FFM/天) 和中度 (40.2千卡/千克FFM/天) 的训练日,平均能量可用性不足于最佳,但在恢复日 (47.8千卡/千克FFM/天) 则高.
运动员消耗的碳水化合物低 (~5.0g/kg/d),高蛋白 (~2.0g/kg/d) 和高脂肪 (~1.8g/kg/d).
饮食摄入量与年轻运动员的国际营养建议不一致.

结论:

运动员在训练期间表现出低于最佳的能量可用性,并在恢复期间表现出过度的能量可用性.
低碳水化合物摄入量被认为是导致能源供应不足的主要因素.
这些发现表明,对年轻运动员的健康和表现有潜在的短期不良代谢影响.

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