预突触功能受损对甘氨酸受体自身抗体的病理有显著的贡献
Anna-Lena Wiessler1, Fang Zheng2, Christian Werner3
1Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany.
针对甘氨酸受体 (GlyRs) 的自身抗体可以影响前突触功能,影响神经系统疾病,如刚性人群综合征 (SPS) 和渐进性脑筋炎与刚性和肌细胞结合 (PERM). 这项研究揭示了GlyRα2作为一个关键的前突触点,解释了患者的各种症状.
科学领域:
- 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
- 突触性可塑性 突触性可塑性
- 自免疫神经系统疾病 自免疫神经系统疾病
背景情况:
- 针对甘氨酸受体 (GlyRs) 的自身抗体 (aAbs) 与刚性人群综合征 (SPS) 和具有刚性和肌结的渐进性脑筋炎 (PERM) 有关.
- 之前的研究集中在Abs影响后突触GlyRs,但前突触效应仍然未被探索.
- GlyR aAbs可以结合各种GlyR α子单元,偶尔也会结合β子单元.
研究的目的:
- 调查针对GlyRs的自身抗体是否也会影响预突触同质GlyRs的表达和功能.
- 确定在自身免疫神经系统疾病的病理生理学中,前联想性GlyR自身抗体的作用.
主要方法:
- 从小鼠胚胎脊髓神经元中建立了内部神经元培养.
- 采用蛋白质生物化学和超分辨率显微镜来分析aAb与前突触GlyRs结合.
- 利用脑干切片记录来评估突触传输中的功能性改变.
主要成果:
- 暴露于GlyR aAbs并没有改变形成功能性甘氨酸突触的蛋白质的表达,除了增加甘氨酸运输体2 (GlyT2) 的表达.
- 超分辨率显微镜显示患者衍生 aAbs 结合了后突触和前突触部位,GlyRα2 被确定为主要的前突触 GlyR 子单元.
- 功能记录显示,由于前突触aAb结合,抑制后突触潜能频率显著降低.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了第一个证据,表明在SPS和PERM等自身免疫性疾病的病理生理学中存在突触前GlyR缺陷.
- 患有GlyR自身免疫的患者的不同临床表现和治疗反应归因于针对预突触和后突触点的个体调节的结合偏好.
- 在这些神经疾病中,GlyRα2被确定为自身抗体的显著前突触标.
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