探索非洲区域经济社区的健康结果差异:一个多层次的线性混合效应分析
Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica1, Nicholas Ngepah2
1School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. arianelavab@gmail.com.
BMC public health
|January 17, 2025
概括
宏观层面的因素对非洲区域经济共同体 (RECs) 的健康差异产生了重大影响. 失业和艾滋病毒加剧了不平等,而老年人护理,饮用水和城市化改善了结果. 有针对性的政策对于整个非洲大陆的公平健康至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
背景情况:
- 在非洲区域经济共同体 (RECs) 内,健康结果的显著差异仍然存在.
- 本研究探讨了宏观国家特征如何影响非洲RECs之间的健康差异.
- 利用2000-2019年对37个非洲国家的8个REC的面板数据,重点关注婴儿死亡率,五岁以下死亡率和预期寿命.
研究的目的:
- 调查宏观国家特征对非洲区域经济共同体 (RECs) 内的健康结果差异的影响.
- 确定加剧或减轻不同非洲区域群体健康不平等的因素.
- 为旨在减少非洲健康结果差异的政策干预提供信息.
主要方法:
- 采用多层线性 (ML) 混合效果方法.
- 分析了世界银行发展指标 (WDI) 和全球治理指标 (WGI) 的面板数据.
- 使用婴儿死亡率,五岁以下死亡率和出生时的预期寿命作为关键健康结果指标.
主要成果:
- 较高的失业率和艾滋病毒发病率与增加的健康差异有关.
- 越来越多的老年人口和获得基本饮用水的改善与减少差距有关.
- 互联网使用显示出混合效应:增加儿童死亡率不平等,但减少预期寿命不平等. 城市化和政府增加的卫生支出通常会减少与死亡率相关的不平等,但可能会增加预期寿命的不平等.
结论:
- 优先考虑应对失业和艾滋病毒发病率的政策.
- 投资于老年护理,水利基础设施和城市卫生规划.
- 增加政府的卫生支出,并利用贸易收益改善医疗保健,确保平等获得免疫等服务.
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