强化学习中对惊喜的偏好是自闭症和神经类型青年之间风险偏好的发展变化差异的基础
Motofumi Sumiya1,2, Kentaro Katahira3,4, Hironori Akechi5
1Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. motofumisumiya@gmail.com.
Molecular autism
|January 17, 2025
概括
自闭症 (AUT) 和神经类型 (NTP) 个体的风险偏好发展不同. 青春期是NTPs增加冒险的时期,但AUTs的风险回避,受到惊喜偏好的影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
背景情况:
- 风险偏好在神经型 (NTP) 种群中表现出非线性发育轨迹,在青春期达到顶峰.
- 自闭症 (AUT) 个体中风险偏好的发育变化,他们往往更喜欢可预测性,仍未得到充分研究.
- 本研究调查了自闭症和神经类型个体的风险偏好和其计算基础的发展变化.
研究的目的:
- 研究自闭症和神经类型个体的风险偏好与年龄相关的变化.
- 探索计算机制,特别是惊喜厌恶,影响整个开发过程中的冒险行为.
- 为了比较自闭症和神经类型群体之间的风险偏好发展轨迹.
主要方法:
- 对75名参与者 (31名自闭症患者,44名神经类型患者) 进行了风险敏感的强化学习任务,年龄在6-30岁之间.
- 计算了风险偏好和选择概率,分析包括t测试和多重回归.
- 强化学习模型与选择数据相适应,模型性能通过恢复和预测检查进行验证.
主要成果:
- 在自闭症和神经类型组之间的风险偏好非线性发育变化中观察到显著差异.
- 计算建模表明,个人对惊喜的偏好显著调节了风险偏好.
- 与神经类型个体相比,自闭症个体在风险偏好方面表现出逆向的发育轨迹.
结论:
- 青春期代表了神经类型个体的风险偏好较高的时期,可能与较低的惊喜厌恶有关.
- 对于自闭症患者来说,青春期的特点可能是避免风险,可能是由于对惊喜的偏好较低.
- 了解风险偏好中的这些不同的发展途径对于理解神经发育差异至关重要.
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