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频繁,异质的火灾支持森林猫头组合
Kate McGinn1,2, Benjamin Zuckerberg1, Gavin M Jones2,3
1Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
概括
森林火灾影响了猫头种群,大多数物种适应了自然火灾变化. 然而,严重的"大火"通过改变息地和减少有益的低至中度严重火灾来威胁猫头群.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 林业林业 林业 林业 林业
- 野生动物保护 野生动物保护
背景情况:
- 火灾是许多森林生态系统的自然干扰,影响生物多样性.
- 由气候变化和历史管理驱动的火灾管理制度的改变,导致更大,更严重的火灾.
- 改变火灾严重程度和频率对森林猫头物种和群体的生态影响仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查火灾严重程度,历史和空间配置对塞拉内华达山脉森林猫头组合的影响.
- 确定不同火灾严重程度对各种猫头物种的短期和长期影响.
- 评估森林猫头适应历史火灾制度的适应性,以及新的"大火"条件.
主要方法:
- 在加利福尼亚州塞拉内华达山区,利用了35年来生态系统规模的被动声学监测.
- 分析了火灾严重程度,历史和配置对六种森林猫头的影响.
- 比较物种对低,中,高严重火灾事件的反应.
主要成果:
- 火灾对猫头群的负面影响通常是短暂的,持续1-4年.
- 斑点猫头展现了避免高严重性烧伤地点长达二十年的表现.
- 低至中度严重的火灾对小型洞穴息物种和大角猫头产生了积极的影响.
结论:
- 大多数森林猫头物种适应了具有低至中度严重火灾的马赛克特征的历史火灾制度.
- 新型"大火" (更大,更频繁,持续严重) 通过减少合适的息地和改变火灾严重程度分布,构成重大威胁.
- 保护战略应侧重于恢复历史火灾模式,促进森林状况的马赛克,并管理低至中度严重的火灾,以支持猫头聚集.
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