使用自然语言处理来识别急诊室患者的偶发性肺结节,需要随访
Christopher L Moore1, Vimig Socrates2, Mina Hesami1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
概括
我们创建了一个开放的自然语言处理 (NLP) 工具,用于在急诊室 (ED) 胸部CT扫描上识别偶然的肺结节 (ILN). 这一管道改善了潜在的肺癌的检测和跟踪,减少了患者护理中的错误.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 在急诊室 (ED) 的胸部CT上,偶然的肺结节 (ILN) 提供了早期肺癌检测的机会.
- 在沟通和跟进ED成像中的偶然发现方面存在重大错误,非结构化的放射学报告加剧了这种情况.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 可以自动识别需要随访的ILN,减轻错过的护理.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一个开放的,三步的NLP管道,用于识别ED胸部CTs上的偶然肺结节 (ILNs).
- 提高沟通和随机发现后续行动的准确性,可能减少肺癌诊断延迟.
主要方法:
- 追溯分析了来自三个ED的26,545份胸部CT报告 (2014-2021年).
- 使用SpaCy上的RoBERTa大语言模型开发一个逐步的NLP管道,以排除先前的恶性瘤,检测结节,并对后续建议进行分类.
- 在1000个手动审查的CT报告上使用精度,回忆和F1得分指标进行验证.
主要成果:
- 该NLP管道实现了高精度:0.85精度,0.71回忆和0.77F1评分用于恶性瘤检测.
- 结节检测准确度为0.87精度,0.83回忆和0.85F1得分.
- 随访分类准确度达到0.82精度,0.90回忆和0.85F1得分,在没有先前恶性病症的结节病例的随访中,整体准确率为93.3%.
结论:
- 成功开发了一个准确的,开放的NLP管道,以识别需要在ED胸部CT上进行随访的偶然肺结节 (ILN).
- 与以前的研究相比,管道提供了更准确的偶然发现的反映,不包括已知的或先前的恶性瘤.
- 该工具的实施可以增强ILN的识别,通信和跟踪,从而减少诊断错误.
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