养分使用和甲排放在生长的牛肉养不同的蛋白质来源和基于牧场的饮食
Christos Christodoulou1, Kirsty E Kliem1, Marc D Auffret2
1School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK.
Journal of animal science
|January 17, 2025
概括
基于牧场的饮食减少了肉牛的肠道甲 (CH4) 排放,但导致能源和利用效率降低. 较低的饮食消化能力可能解释了CH4的减少,但需要考虑环境问题和较慢的生长率.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 类动物营养 类动物营养
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 肉牛的肠道甲 (CH4) 排放有助于温室气体的产生.
- 饮食蛋白质来源显著影响反动物的营养利用和CH4生产.
- 评估基于牧场的饮食与基于缩的饮食对可持续牛肉生产至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同蛋白质来源 (大豆,酒厂的废谷物,田间豆) 和基于牧场的饮食对生长中的肉牛的料摄入量,营养和能量利用,生长性能和肠道CH4排放的影响.
- 为了比较与各种饮食策略相关的环境影响,特别是和能量损失.
主要方法:
- 32只Holstein × Angus牛肉被分配给四种饮食治疗:TMR与大豆粉,TMR与酒商的花费谷物,TMR与田间豆,和一个新鲜切割的意大利麦草 (GRA) 饮食.
- 在呼吸室中测量了营养摄入量,能量和的利用,以及肠道CH4排放量.
- 在群体住宿期间,还使用Calan门和GreenFeed系统监测了料摄入量和CH4排放量.
主要成果:
- 基于牧场 (GRA) 的饮食导致每公斤干物质摄入量 (DMI) 和有机物质摄入量 (OMI) 的肠道CH4产量较低.
- GRA牛的便和尿液能量输出较高,尿液气输出 (UNO) 和便气输出 (MNO) 增加,这表明气利用率降低.
- 在室内和群体住房期间测量的CH4排放在每公斤可消化的DMI和OMI上表达时是可比的,这表明饮食消化能力影响CH4的产生.
结论:
- 虽然基于牧场的饮食可以减少肉牛的肠道CH4排放,但它们与能源和利用效率较低有关,导致环境损失较高.
- 在牧场养的牛群中观察到的增长率下降必须与潜在的生产成本降低一起考虑.
- 饮食策略需要平衡甲减缓与整体动物表现和营养使用效率,以实现可持续的牛肉生产.
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