评估乳牛呼吸系统疾病的病例定义:一个范围审查
K J Churchill1, C B Winder1, H M Goetz1
1Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
这次审查发现,牛牛呼吸系统疾病 (BRD) 在奶牛小牛中被诊断的方法存在显著差异. 需要标准化,验证的病例定义来进行一致的诊断和改善小牛健康管理.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 动物卫生 动物健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 牛呼吸系统疾病 (BRD) 是乳牛牛犊中普遍存在的问题,影响了断奶前和断奶后的阶段.
- 现有的研究缺乏在这个人群中对BRD的诊断方法的全面综合.
- 这项研究解决了对乳牛目前的BRD诊断实践的结构化概述的需求.
研究的目的:
- 进行科学文献的范围审查,以识别和描述用于诊断乳牛的BRD的病例定义.
- 在这些病例定义中使用的诊断方法进行分类.
- 突出BRD诊断标准的变化,并确定需要改进的领域.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审期刊和灰色文献进行了系统的搜索.
- 包括307个记录,其中包含358个不同的乳牛BRD病例定义.
- 病例定义根据诊断方法进行分类,包括临床评分系统,体检参数和胸部超声波.
主要成果:
- 临床评分系统是最常见的诊断方法 (41%),其次是体检参数 (25%).
- 在案例定义中观察到显著的多样性,限制了直接比较.
- 通常评估的因素包括咳 (63%),鼻水 (60%) 和体温 (54%),但有效性和严重性评估往往缺乏.
- 只有很少一部分定义得到了验证 (1.1%) 或报告了定量准确度指标 (11.1%).
结论:
- 目前乳牛中BRD病例定义的情况非常多变,缺乏标准化.
- 发展和实施经过验证的标准化诊断标准至关重要.
- 采用核心成果集方法可以促进为奶牛犊创建一致和可靠的BRD诊断工具.
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