饮食中的碳水化合物摄入量和2型糖尿病的风险:一项为期16年的前性队列研究
1National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, 410011, China.
食纤维,全谷物和非粉蔬菜显著降低了2型糖尿病 (T2D) 的风险. 相反,粉和含粉的蔬菜会增加T2D的风险,强调碳水化合物类型和来源对预防的重要性.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 代谢性疾病研究研究
- 公共卫生 营养 公共卫生 营养
背景情况:
- 碳水化合物摄入量对于2型糖尿病 (T2D) 风险至关重要,但对特定类型和来源的综合数据有限.
- 了解这些关联可以为预防T2D提供有针对性的饮食策略.
研究的目的:
- 研究各种食碳水化合物类型和食物来源与T2D风险之间的关系.
- 通过遗传易感性等因素来评估潜在的效果修改.
- 探索观察到的关联的调解途径.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自161,872名参与者的英国生物库数据,不包括那些患有癌症,心血管疾病或糖尿病的参与者.
- 采用多变量调整的Cox比例危险回归模型,随访时间中位数为13.6年.
- 分析了碳水化合物摄入量 (纤维,全谷物,非粉/粉蔬菜,粉) 和T2D发病率之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 较高的纤维,全谷物和非粉蔬菜摄入量与显著降低T2D风险相关 (HRs 0.70-0.83).
- 粉和含粉蔬菜的摄入量增加与较高的T2D风险相关 (HRs 1.19-1.31).
- 用全谷物或非粉蔬菜取代精制谷物或粉蔬菜,可以将T2D风险降低4-10%.
结论:
- 关注碳水化合物类型和食物来源的饮食修改对于T2D初级预防至关重要.
- 关联在各个子组中保持一致,包括那些具有遗传易感性的子组.
- 关键调解因素包括体重指数,腰比,HbA1c,HDL胆固醇和C反应蛋白.
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