公众论超过知识:一个双重过程框架,以理解科学家和普通人对基因改造的接受
Anfan Chen1, Xing Zhang2, Jianbin Jin3
1School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
概括
公众对基因改造 (GM) 等科学问题的接受,更多地受到社会规范的影响,而不是科学知识的影响. 了解这些规范性意见是有效科学传播的关键.
科学领域:
- 科学传播科学传播
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 生物技术的接受能力
背景情况:
- 传统的科学传播依赖于赤字模型,假设知识直接增加了接受.
- 由于对知识与接受关系的不一致发现,赤字模型的有效性受到争议.
- 需要替代模型来解释公众对复杂科学问题的看法.
研究的目的:
- 提出和测试一个双流程框架,以了解公众对基因改造 (GM) 的支持.
- 为了比较科学知识的预测能力与对转基因风险/益处的看法和支持的多数意见.
- 调查规范性意见对科学家和普通人的不同影响.
主要方法:
- 在中国大陆进行了两次大规模的国家调查 (N=5145名非专业人士,N=12,268名科学家).
- 统计分析以检查科学知识,多数意见,风险/益处观念和转基因支持之间的相关性和调解效应.
- 信息 (知识) 和规范 (意见) 途径的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 科学知识和感知到的多数意见都与转基因支持有积极的相关性,这种支持是由风险/收益观念介导的.
- 感知多数意见 (规范性途径) 对转基因支持的直接和间接影响比科学知识更大.
- 规范性过程显著影响风险/收益的看法,比信息化过程更重要,科学家和非科学家之间的敏感性不同.
结论:
- 综合知识和规范影响的双流程模型更好地预测公众对转基因的态度.
- 在科学家和公众之间,被认为的社会规范是转基因接受的更强有力的驱动力,而不是科学知识.
- 科学传播策略应该考虑在提供科学信息的同时,利用社会规范.
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