视觉注意力的文化差异在婴儿期出现
Megan J Heise1, Marek Meristo2, Mika Ueno3
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
概括
视觉注意力的文化差异出现在婴儿期. 日本婴儿表现出更强的情境敏感性,比美国婴儿更多地学习背景,这表明注意力风格的早期发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 注意力存在文化差异,东亚人往往表现出比北美人更全面的处理.
- 这种情境敏感性,或对背景元素的更多关注,被认为源自社会化.
- 这些注意力差异的早期发育起源和社会调制仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查婴儿中早期出现的文化差异的情境敏感性.
- 检查社会信息是否影响婴儿对环境的注意力.
- 探索文化特有的注意力风格的发展轨迹.
主要方法:
- 利用眼睛追踪技术记录婴儿的视觉注意力.
- 对比来自日本 (n=45) 和美国 (n=52) 的15个月大的婴儿.
- 评估了对面孔,卡通视频以及父母与孩子阅读互动的反应.
主要成果:
- 与美国婴儿相比,日本婴儿在观看脸部和漫画时,对背景元素的学习时间明显长.
- 在视频刺激中,日本婴儿对背景的注意力增加,特别是在有眼睛的物体周围.
- 虽然日本父母更多地讨论了背景,但这与婴儿在观察到的任务中的背景注意力没有相关性.
结论:
- 关注情境敏感性的文化差异早在15个月时就显而易见.
- 对背景的持续关注可能是培养文化特有的注意模式的基本要素.
- 一种情境敏感的导向似乎最初是为了社会信息而发展,然后扩展到非社会背景.
相关概念视频
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