关于政治对科学两极分化的四级模型:来自10个欧洲国家的证据
1Radboud University, The Netherlands; University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Leibniz University Hannover, Germany.
Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)
|January 18, 2025
概括
政治倾向显著影响公众对科学的信任,这种现象被称为科学两极分化. 这种两极分化在四个不同的层面上运作,影响了对科学,研究领域和特定主张的怀疑.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 科学沟通科学沟通
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
背景情况:
- 公众对科学的信任是社会进步和政策制定的关键因素.
- 越来越多的证据表明,政治意识形态影响了对科学信息和机构的看法.
- 了解这种影响的细微差别对于有效的科学传播和政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究政治倾向与公民对科学信任之间的关系.
- 识别和建模政治意识形态影响科学信任的不同层面.
- 要区分科学两极化在民粹主义选民之间的起源与一般的左翼和右翼的意识形态分裂.
主要方法:
- 在大规模调查数据集上使用结构方程建模 (SEM).
- 分析了来自10个欧洲国家的5306名公民的数据.
- 开发并测试了一种四级概括模型,以捕捉科学两极分化.
主要成果:
- 政治倾向是对科学信任的重要预测因素,在四个层面上表现出不同的模式.
- 民粹主义选民对制度和精英群体表现出普遍的不信任,导致广泛的科学怀疑.
- 虽然右翼人士对科学的信任总体上比左翼人士少,但当一般的怀疑情绪受到控制时,这两个群体同样拒绝意识形态不一致的研究和声称.
结论:
- 科学怀疑主义是一个多层次的现象,受到政治意识形态的影响.
- 科学两极分化的驱动因素在民粹主义选民和一般的左翼和右翼意识形态分裂之间存在差异.
- 一个四级模型揭示了以前未被发现的对称性在整个政治领域的科学拒绝中.
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